Random testing is not only a useful testing technique in itself, but also plays a core role in many other testing methods. Hence, any significant improvement to random testing has an impact throughout the software testing community. Adaptive Random Testing (ART) has been proposed as an effective alternative to random testing. This paper presents a synthesis of the most important research results related to ART. In the course of our research and through further reflection, we have realized how the techniques and concepts of ART can be applied in a much broader context, which we present here. We believe such ideas can be applied in a variety of areas in software testing, and even beyond software testing. Amongst these ideas, we particularly note the fundamental role of diversity in test case selection strategies. We hope this paper serves to provoke further discussions and investigations of these ideas. Keywords: software testing, random testing, adaptive random testing, adaptive random sequence, failure-based testing, failure pattern

1. This work was supported in part by a discovery grant of the Australian Research Council (project no. ARC DP 0880295). 2. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia. Email: 3. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia. 4. It is with deep regret and sadness that we report the passing of F.-C. Kuo on October 6, 2017. 5. Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.

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